王琨,郝宇彪

• 1:首都经济贸易大学经济学院

摘要(Abstract)：

近年来，全球经济增长速度下降，失业率逐渐高企，失业已成为当前各国政府和学者关注的重大问题。在不同类型的失业相互叠加的情况下，侧重于工资刚性的效率工资理论难以对持续存在的失业问题做出全面的解释，而基于劳动过程视角的劳动纪律模型提供了一个更完整的分析框架。本文系统地整合了劳动纪律模型，在追溯其思想起源的基础上归纳出能够刻画一般雇佣关系的劳动榨取函数，并分别从新古典主义学派、激进主义学派和卡莱斯基主义学派的角度展示了不同模型构建的基本思路。卡莱斯基主义劳动纪律模型能够对同时存在的不同类型失业给出合理的解释，为研究当前复杂的失业问题提供了一个统一的理论分析框架，有望引领劳动纪律模型创新发展的新方向。

关键词(KeyWords)： 效率工资;劳动强度;均衡失业;劳动纪律模型

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金重点项目“国际发展共同体视域下中国产业链安全保障机制构建研究”(21AGJ008)的资助

作者(Author): 王琨,郝宇彪

参考文献(References)：

• 鲁保林.2013.利润挤压和利润非挤压：理论与实证[J].教学与研究，(9):47-54.LU B L.2013.Profit squeeze and non profit squeeze:Theory and empirical evidence[J].Teaching and Research,(9):47-54.(in Chinese)
• 卢荻，李思沛，高岭，等.2022.纳入劳动强度的中国经济增长核算[J].世界经济，45(7):3-26.LU D,LI S P,GAO L,et al.2022.China's economic growth accounting incorporating labor intensity[J].The Journal of World Economy,45(7):3-26.(in Chinese)
• 马克思，恩格斯.2001.马克思恩格斯全集(第44卷)[M].2版.中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局，译.北京：人民出版社.
• 徐春华.2025.劳动强度与区域经济增长——一个农村劳动力价值低估的政治经济学视角[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),75(1):75-88.XU C H.2025.Labor intensity and regional economic growth:An analytical perspective on underestimating the value of rural labor force[J].Journal of Xiamen University (Arts & Social Sciences),75(1):75-88.(in Chinese)
• 杨金阳，周应恒，严斌剑.2014.劳动力市场分割、保留工资与“知识失业”[J].人口学刊，36(5):25-36.YANG J Y,ZHOU Y H,YAN B J.2014.Labor market segregation,reservation wage and “Educated Unemployment”[J].Population Journal,36(5):25-36.(in Chinese)
• 张丹丹，李力行，童晨.2018.最低工资、流动人口失业与犯罪[J].经济学(季刊),17(3):1035-1054.ZHANG D D,LI L X,TONG C.2018.Minimum wage,rural migrants' unemployment,and crime[J].China Economic Quarterly,17(3):1035-1054.(in Chinese)
• 张琼，李想，江飞涛.2024.最低工资与就业效应异质性：大样本证据与可能解释[J].经济学家，(3):108-117.ZHANG Q,LI X,JIANG F T.2024.Minimum wage and heterogeneous employment effect:Large sample evidence and possible explanations[J].Economist,(3):108-117.(in Chinese)
• AKERLOF G A,YELLEN J Y.1986.Efficiency wage models of the labor market[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
• ALCHIAN A A,DEMSETZ H.1972.Production,information costs,and economic organization[J].The American Economic Review,62(5):777-795.
• BODDY R,CROTTY J.1975.Class conflict and Macro-policy:The political business cycle[J].Review of Radical Political Economics,7(1):1-19.
• BOWLES S.1985.The production process in a competitive economy:Walrasian,neo-Hobbesian,and Marxian models[J].The American Economic Review,75(1):16-36.
• BOWLES S.2004.Microeconomics:Behavior,institutions,and evolution[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press.
• BOWLES S,BOYER R.1988.Labor discipline and aggregate demand:A macroeconomic model[J].The American Economic Review,78(2):395-400.
• BOWLES S,EDWARDS R,ROOSEVELT F,et al.2017.Understanding capitalism:Competition,command,and change[M].4th ed.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
• BOWLES S,GINTIS H.1988.Contested exchange:Political economy and modern economic theory[J].The American Economic Review,78(2):145-150.
• BOWLES S,GINTIS H.1990.Contested exchange:New microfoundations for the political economy of capitalism[J].Politics & Society,18(2):165-222.
• BOWLES S,HALLIDAY S D.2022.Microeconomics:Competition,conflict,and coordination[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.
• BRANDOLINI A.1995.In search of a stylised fact:Do real wages exhibit a consistent pattern of cyclical variability[J].Journal of Economic Surveys,9(2):103-163.
• BULOW J I,SUMMERS L H.1986.A theory of dual labor markets with application to industrial policy,discrimination,and Keynesian unemployment[J].Journal of Labor Economics,4(3):376-414.
• DUNLOP J T.1938.The movement of real and money wage rates[J].The Economic Journal,48(191):413-434.
• EATWELL J.1983.The long-period theory of employment[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,7(3/4):269-285.
• FAIRRIS D.2004.Towards a theory of work intensity[J].Eastern Economic Journal,30(4):587-601.
• GINTIS H,GINTIS H.1976.The nature of labor exchange and the theory of capitalist production[J].Review of Radical Political Economics,8(2):36-54.
• GINTIS H,ISHIKAWA T.1987.Wages,work intensity,and unemployment[J].Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,1(2):195-228.
• KALECKI M.1943.Political aspects of full employment[J].The Political Quarterly,14(4):322-330.
• KALECKI M.1971.Class struggle and the distribution of national income[J].Kyklos,24(1):1-9.
• LAVOIE M.1992.Foundations of post-Keynesian economic analysis[M].Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing.
• LAVOIE M.2022.Post-Keynesian economics:New foundations[M].2nd ed.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing.
• MALINVAUD E.1998.Macroeconomic theory (Volume B)[M].Amsterdam:North-Holland.
• MARGLIN S A.1974.What do bosses do?The origins and functions of hierarchy in Capitalist production[J].Review of Radical Political Economics,6(2):60-112.
• MARGLIN S A,SCHOR J B.1990.The golden age of capitalism:Reinterpreting the postwar experience[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press.
• NAPLES M I.1986.The unraveling of the Union-Capital Truce and the U.S.industrial productivity crisis[J].Review of Radical Political Economics,18(1/2):110-131.
• NIKIFOROS M.2017.Uncertainty and contradiction:An essay on the business cycle[J].Review of Radical Political Economics,49(2):247-264.
• PETRI F.2021.Microeconomics for the critical mind:Mainstream and heterodox analyses[M].Cham:Springer.
• REBITZER J B.1987.Unemployment,long-term employment relations,and productivity growth[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,69(4):627-635.
• ROBINSON J.1975.Collected economic papers (Volume III)[M].London:Basil Blackwell.
• SCHOR J B,BOWLES S.1987.Employment rents and the incidence of strikes[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,69(4):584-592.
• SHAPIRO C,STIGLITZ J E.1984.Equilibrium unemployment as a worker discipline device[J].The American Economic Review,74(3):433-444.
• SOLOW R M.1979.Another possible source of wage stickiness[J].Journal of Macroeconomics,1(1):79-82.
• TARSHIS L.1938.Real wages in the United States and Great Britain[J].Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science,4(3):362-376.
• WEBB S.1912.The economic theory of a legal minimum wage[J].Journal of Political Economy,20(10):973-998.
• WEEKS J.1979.The process of accumulation and the “Profit-Squeeze” hypothesis[J].Science & Society,43(3):259-280.
• WEISSKOPF T E,BOWLES S,GORDON D M,et al.1983.Hearts and minds:A social model of U.S.productivity growth[J].Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,1983(2):381-450.
• YELLEN J L.1984.Efficiency wage models of unemployment[J].The American Economic Review,74(2):200-205.
• ZUBOFF S.2022.Surveillance capitalism or democracy?The death match of institutional orders and the politics of knowledge in our information civilization[J].Organization Theory,3(4):1-79.