李小云

• 1:中共宁夏区委党校(宁夏行政学院)

摘要(Abstract)：

本文聚焦宁夏红寺堡区红川村这一案例，系统分析了在产业基础薄弱、农民增收困难、市场发育不足的环境下，依托“政府规划引导、项目带动整合、企业运营赋能、农民参与受益”的协同机制，探索出一条具有西部特色的农村产业融合与就地发展路径。研究发现，地方政府在产业发展过程中发挥了关键性的桥梁与催化作用，通过科学识别本地资源禀赋、科学确立和培育主导产业、统筹基础设施与公共服务、精准引进市场主体，并构建了政府、市场主体与村集体三方权责清晰、风险共担、利益共享的制度化协同机制，实现了“村集体增收、群众就业与产业可持续发展”三者间的良性循环。在城乡互动下农业转型的经典理论视野下，红川村这一实践形成了“政企农协同模式”,实现了外生引导与内生激活的有机结合，使产业在纵向链条与空间两个方面实现融合。“政企农协同模式”还表现出“产业统筹型经营”治理特征，为理解政府角色、市场嵌入与乡村内生发展之间的互动关系提供了实证依据，对同类地区依托制度优势推动乡村振兴具有参考意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 红川村;产业规划;设施农业;生态移民;融合

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 李小云

参考文献(References)：

• 阿马蒂亚·森.2013.以自由看待发展[M].任赜，于真，译.北京：中国人民大学出版社.Sen A.2013.Development as freedom[M].Ren Y,Yu Z,trans.Beijing:China Renmin University Press.(trans.into Chinese) 曹海林，周全.2023.“项目进村”实施中的行政能力、产业推进与村民收益[J].社会发展研究，10(2):122-138.Cao H L,Zhou Q.2023.Administrative capacity,industrial promotion,and villagers' benefits in the implementation of “projects entering villages”[J].Social Development Research,10(2):122-138.(in Chinese) 德·希·帕金斯.1984.中国农业的发展(1368—1968)[M].宋海文，译.上海：上海译文出版社.Perkins S H.1984.Agricultural development in China 1368—1968[M].Song H W,trans.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House.(trans.into Chinese) 樊纲.2019.“发展悖论”与“发展要素”——发展经济学的基本原理与中国案例[J].经济学探索，(6):148-151.Fan G.2019.The ‘paradox of development’ and the ‘factors of development’—the basic principles of development economics and the Chinese case[J].Economic Exploration,(6):148-151.(in Chinese) 郭红东，白荣荣，杨光远，等.2024.欠发达地区地方政府如何助推县域特色农业发展?——基于甘肃环县羊产业的案例分析[J].农业农村部管理干部学院学报，15(3):1-12.Guo H D,Bai R R,Yang G Y,et al.2024.How can local governments in underdeveloped areas promote the development of characteristic agriculture in counties:a case study of the sheep industry in Huanxian County Gansu Province[J].Journal of Administration and Management Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,15(3):1-12.(in Chinese) 黄六招，秦春阳.2024.场域约束与组织空转：解释脱贫村集体经济政策变现难的一种视角[J].天津行政学院学报，26(1):52-63.Huang L Z,Qin C Y.2024.Organizational idling under multi-field constraints:a perspective on explaining the difficulty of policy realization in collective economy of poverty alleviation villages[J].Journal of Tianjin Administration Institute,26(1):52-63.(in Chinese) 简新华.2011.发展经济学的最新发展：中国特色发展经济学[J].政治经济学评论，(1):113-127.Jian X H.2011.The latest development of development economics:development economics with Chinese characteristics[J].China Review of Political Economy,(1):113-127.(in Chinese) 李超海.2021.扶贫车间：嵌入政策的劳动管理何以可能?[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),38(5):58-70.Li C H.2021.Poverty alleviation workshop:how labor control could be possible under seeking policy?[J].Journal of China Agricultural University (Social Sciences),38(5):58-70.(in Chinese) 李夏欣，宋文豪.2026.农业全产业链发展与农村居民增收——基于“农业全产业链开发创新示范”政策的准自然实验[J].经济学家，(3):118-128.Li X X,Song W H.2026.The development of agricultural whole-industry chain and income growth of rural residents—a quasi-natural experiment based on the “agricultural whole-industry chain development and innovation demonstration” policy[J].Economist,(3):118-128.(in Chinese) 李祖佩.2023.项目下乡与农村基层治理模式优化——以“嵌入的自主性”为视角[J].政治学研究，(6):202-213.Li Z P.2023.Projects entering the village and optimization of rural grassroots governance model—from the perspective of “embedded autonomy”[J].CASS Journal of Political Science,(6):202-213.(in Chinese) 李祖佩，钟涨宝.2020.“经营村庄”:项目进村背景下的乡镇政府行为研究[J].政治学研究，(3):39-50.Li Z P,Zhong Z B.2020.Managing villages:research on the behavior of township governments in the context of project entering into villages[J].CASS Journal of Political Science,(3):39-50.(in Chinese) 梁琦.2023.“新经营村庄”:乡村振兴背景下村庄项目经营的治理逻辑[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),23(2):33-44.Liang Q.2023.“New village management”:the governance logic of village project management under the background of rural revitalization[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),23(2):33-44.(in Chinese) 梁伟.2022.农业转型的社区实践与驱动逻辑——基于湘中鹊山村的经验研究[J].中国农村经济，(11):2-20.Liang W.2022.Community practice and driving logic of agricultural transformation:an analysis based on empirical research in Queshan Village in central Hu'nan[J].Chinese Rural Economy,(11):2-20.(in Chinese) 刘梦玲.2025.“项目制”下的村集体经济发展之路——四川乡村调研报告[R].北京：中金研究院.Liu M L.2025.The development path of village collective economy under the “project system”:a research report on rural Sichuan[R].Beijing:CICC Research Institute.(in Chinese) 刘姗，吴理财.2025.从外部赋能到自主激活：项目进村推动村庄内生发展的逻辑理路与协同路径——基于湖南省G村的考察[J].理论月刊，(10):114-124.Liu S,Wu L C.2025.From external empowerment to autonomous activation:the logical approach and collaborative path to project-based endogenous village development:a case study of village G in Hunan Province[J].Theory Monthly,(10):114-124.(in Chinese) 刘述良，吴少龙.2023.县域项目制治理：理念与机制[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),31(9):126-136.Liu S L,Wu S L.2023.Governing by project system in county level:ideas and mechanisms[J].Journal of SJTU (Philosophy and Social Sciences),31(9):126-136.(in Chinese) 刘璇，秦婉聪.2023.西部地区乡村振兴的新内源发展机理与路径研究[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学),17(5):30-36.Liu X,Qin W C.2023.New endogenous development mechanism and path of rural revitalization in western China[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University (Social Science),17(5):30-36.(in Chinese) 刘岩，任大鹏.2023.转型期扶贫车间产业存续的内在逻辑、运行机制与困境反思[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),23(2):61-71.Liu Y,Ren D P.2023.Reflection on the internal logic,operating mechanism and dilemma of poverty alleviation workshop industry in the transition period[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),23(2):61-71.(in Chinese) 毛春梅，姚清.2025.地方政府助推乡村产业振兴的差序嵌入与治理赋权——基于霍山石斛产业的历时性观察[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),25(1):92-103.Mao C M,Yao Q.2025.Differential embedment and governance empowerment of local government to promote rural industry revitalization:based on longitudinal observation of the Houshan Dendrobium industry[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),25(1):92-103.(in Chinese) 孟捷.2023.理解中国经济发展[J].经济导刊，(4):15-18.Meng J.2023.Understanding China's economic development[J].Economic Herald,(4):15-18.(in Chinese) 秦振兴，王远.2025.“项目进村”的实践类型与治理效果差异——基于双重嵌入性视角的分析[J].经济社会体制比较，(4):149-158.Qin Z X,Wang Y.2025.Project types and governance effects in villages:a dual embeddedness perspective[J].Comparative Economic & Social Systems,(4):149-158.(in Chinese) 邱蓉.2021.乡村振兴视角下西部地区农业产业同构研究[J].贵州社会科学，(4):137-145.Qiu R.2021.Coordinated development of agriculture and industry in the west area from the perspective of rural revitalization[J].Guizhou Social Sciences,(4):137-145.(in Chinese) 寿金杰，陈文烈.2026.西部大开发新格局中民族地区特色优势产业高质量发展研究——基于新质生产力赋能视角[J].河北科技大学学报(社会科学版),26(1):12-20.Shou J J,Chen W L.2026.Research on the high-quality development of characteristic and advantageous industries in ethnic regions under the new pattern of western development:an empowerment perspective based on new quality productive forces[J].Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences),26(1):12-20.(in Chinese) 王凤彬，张雪.2022.用纵向案例研究讲好中国故事：过程研究范式、过程理论化与中西对话前景[J].管理世界，38(6):191-212.Wang F B,Zhang X.2022.Telling Chinese stories well with longitudinal case studies:process study paradigm,process theorization and the prospects of Sino-western dialogue[J].Journal of Management World,38(6):191-212.(in Chinese) 魏后凯.2023.加快构建中国特色的农村经济学[J].中国农村经济，(7):2-19.Wei H K.2023.Accelerate the construction of rural economics with Chinese characteristics[J].Chinese Rural Economy,(7):2-19.(in Chinese) 吴忠市红寺堡区史志编纂领导小组.2020.2020红寺堡年鉴[M].银川：宁夏人民出版社.The Leading Group for Compilation of the Annals of Hongsibu District,Wuzhong City.2020.Hongsibu yearbook 2020[M].Yinchuan:Ningxia People's Publishing House.(in Chinese) 西奥多·舒尔茨.2006.改造传统农业[M].梁小民，译.北京：商务印书馆.Schultz T W.2006.Transforming traditional agriculture[M].Liang X M,trans.Beijing:The Commercial Press.(trans.into Chinese) 西蒙·库兹涅茨.1985.各国的经济增长：总产值和生产结构[M].常勋，译.北京：商务印书馆.Kuznets S.1985.Economic growth of nations:total output and production structure[M].Chang X,trans.Beijing:The Commercial Press.(trans.into Chinese) 薛正昌.2019.红寺堡移民史[M].北京：商务印书馆.Xue Z C.2019.The history of migration in Hongsibu[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press.(in Chinese) 杨虎涛.2008.马克思经济学时间观与演化经济学时间观之比较[J].学习与实践，(2):32-37.Yang H T.2008.A comparison of Marx's economic view of time and evolutionary economics' view of time[J].Study and Practice,(2):32-37.(in Chinese) 叶嘉国.2020.广东欠发达地区“滞后型发展”的主因和对策探究[J].广东经济，(11):14-25.Ye J G.2020.Exploration of the main causes and countermeasures of the ‘lagging development’ in the underdeveloped areas of Guangdong[J].Guangdong Economy,(11):14-25.(in Chinese) 约拉姆·巴泽尔.2006.国家理论：经济权利、法律权利与国家范围[M].钱勇，曾咏梅，译.上海：上海财经大学出版社.Barzel Y.2006.A theory of the state:economic rights,legal rights,and the scope of the state[M].Qian Y,Zeng Y M,trans.Shanghai:Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Press.(trans.into Chinese) 张国宝.2023.光辉历程：中国发展改革40年亲历与思考[M].北京：人民出版社.Zhang G B.2023.A glorious journey:Personal experience and reflections on 40 years of China's development and reform[M].Beijing:People's Publishing House.(in Chinese) 张绘.2022.实现西部乡村产业高质量发展的机遇与挑战[J].人民论坛，(23):50-53.Zhang H.2022.Opportunities and challenges for achieving high-quality development of rural industries in western China[J].People's Tribune,(23):50-53.(in Chinese) 张良.2023.项目制如何形塑农村基层治理[J].浙江社会科学，(5):82-91,113.Zhang L.2023.How project system shapes rural grassroots governance[J].Zhejiang Social Sciences,(5):82-91,113.(in Chinese) 张林，温涛，刘渊博.2020.农村产业融合发展与农民收入增长：理论机理与实证判定[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),46(5):42-56.Zhang L,Wen T,Liu Y B.2020.Rural industrial convergence development and farmers' income increase:theoretical mechanism and empirical determination[J].Journal of Southwest University (Social Sciences Edition),46(5):42-56.(in Chinese) 张培刚.2013.农业与工业化[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社.Zhang P G.2013.Agriculture and industrialization[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.(in Chinese) 周佩萱.2024.动员、合作与整合：村庄产业发展能力提升机制研究——以陕西省裕村苍术产业发展为例[J].山东行政学院学报，(2):73-80.Zhou P X.2024.Mobilization,cooperation and integration:study on the mechanism of improving village industrial development ability—a case study of atractylodes industry in Yu Village,Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance,(2):73-80.(in Chinese) Chamlee E.1993.Indigenous African Institutions and Economic Development[J].Cato Journal,13(Spring/Summer):79-99. Fei J C H,Ranis G.1964.Development of the labor surplus economy:theory and policy[M].Homewood,Ill.:R.D.Irwin. Guillaumont P.2000.On the economic vulnerability of low income countries[R].Working Paper from CERDI No.200016. Kuznets S.1963.Economic growth and the contribution of agriculture:notes on measurement[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press. Lewis W A.1954.Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour[J].The Manchester School,22(2):139-191. Lynch K.2005.Rural-urban interaction in the developing world[M].London:Routledge. McGee T G.1991.The emergence of Desakota regions in Asia:expanding a hypothesis[M]//Ginsburg N,Koppel B,McGee T G.The Extended Metropolis:Settlement Transition in Asia.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press. Mumford L.2005.The city in history:a powerfully incisive and influential look at the development of the urban form through the ages[M].Song J S,Ni W Y,trans.Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press. Nenonen S,Storbacka K.2021.Market-shaping:navigating multiple theoretical perspectives[J].AMS Review,11(3/4):336-353. Tacoli C.1998a.Rural-urban linkages and sustainable rural livelihoods[M]//Carney D.Sustainable Rural Livelihoods:What Contribution Can We Make?.London:DFID:67-82. Tacoli C.1998b.Rural-urban interactions:a guide to the literature[J].Environment & Urbanization,10(1):147-166. Tacoli C.2004.Rural-urban linkages and pro-poor agricultural growth:an overview[R].OECD DAC POVNET Agriculture and Pro-poor Growth Task Team.Helsinki Workshop.Paris:OECD. Todaro M P.1981.Economic development in the Third World[M].New York:The Book Press. Tsakok I,Gardner B.2007.Agriculture in economic development:primary engine of growth or chicken and egg?[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,89(5):1145-1151.
• (1)参见孟捷:《用什么样的理论解释中国经济》,CPEER公众号,2020年7月12日,https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/CqlT_FDOXN2mVsOdBpCR0w。 (2)截至2024年6月,宁夏就业扶贫车间达到412家,分布在22个县(区)的305个村(园区)内。 (3)黄宗智:《从实践历史探寻中国农村发展出路》,“爱思想”网站,2014年9月15日,http://www.aisixiang.com/data/76324.html。 (4)“反租倒包”是指村委会将承包到户的土地集中到村集体,然后将土地的使用权承包给农业经营大户的土地经营方式。 (5)肉牛养殖基础设施以工代赈项目和设施温棚以工代赈项目分别发放劳务报酬158.0万元、125.6万元,分别带动务工群众91人、82人。 (6)人民网:《习近平在宁夏考察时强调决胜全面建成小康社会决战脱贫攻坚继续建设经济繁荣民族团结环境优美人民富裕的美丽新宁夏》,2020年6月11日,https://jhsjk.people.cn/article/31742448。 (7)如红塔村车间生产编织袋,田原村生产户外装备用品,玉池村建设附属用房和配套设施,团结村加工外贸服饰,弘德村车间加工纸箱、纸盒、礼品盒,同原村加工服装。 (8)红寺堡区《2020年“扶贫保”优势特色产业保险实施方案》(红开发[2020]21号)。 (9)关于社会时间和自然时间的区分,可参见杨虎涛(2008)。 (10)类似的观点在张国宝(2023,p.448)的《光辉历程:中国发展改革40年亲历与思考》一书中有相应论述。